Study on Nutritional Status of School Children

Study on Nutritional Status of School Children A STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN RURAL, SEMI URBAN AND URBAN AREAS OF CHENNAI. INTRODUCTION: The health and nutritional status of children is an index of national investment in the development of its future manpower. According to World Health Organization, protein energy malnutrition refers to â€Å"imbalance between the supply of protein and energy and the body’s demand for them to ensure optimal growth and function. This imbalance includes both inadequate and excessive energy intake; the former leading to malnutrition in the form of wasting, stunting and underweight, and the latter resulting in overweight and obesity†. The consequences of child malnutrition are enormous and are intertwined with the development of society. Malnutrition affects the child’s physical and cognitive growth and increases the susceptibility to infections and severity of diseases while having adverse implications on income and economic growth indirectly. According to UNICEF data, 90% of developing world’s undernourished live in Asia and Africa while 40% of the world’s malnourished live in India. The 2013 Global Hunger Index Report ranked India 16th, which represents the serious hunger situation. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data indicates that 43% of children under 5 years of age are underweight and 2% of them are overweight. In India, we face a double jeopardy of malnutrition i.e., children from urban areas are affected with problems of over-nutrition while those from rural area suffer from effects of under-nutrition. The long term consequences of malnutrition on a child-turned-adult are issues of deep concern. Under-nutrition impairs the child’s immune system and weakens the defenses against other diseases. Whereas over-nutrition contributes to childhood obesity and leads to the early onset of hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, coronary heart diseases, orthopedic disorder and other respiratory diseases. School age is the active phase of childhood growth. Poor nutritional status in children leads to high absenteeism and early school dropouts thereby affecting the literacy rate of the country apart from affecting health status of the children. On the other hand, increasing lifestyle changes in urban areas has led to the emergence of over-nutrition and childhood obesity. To evaluate this changing trend and to determine the burden of malnutrition, we attempted to do a cross sectional study to assess the nutritional status of school children (11-14years old). OBJECTIVES: To determine the nutritional status of children based on their BMI and waist hip ratio and its relation to various factors like gender, area of residence and socio-economic status. METHODOLOGY: After being approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Stanley Medical College, a cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in the year 2011 over a period of 3 months from June to September involving 300 children in the age group of 11 to 14 years. Three schools were selected one each in rural area, semi urban area urban area. 100 children from each school were selected as subjects for the study. Data regarding the subjects’ socioeconomic background, religion, dwelling place, three day diet recall and type and duration of physical activities per day. Also their anthropometric measurements including height, weight, circumference of waist and hip were recorded. We have recorded body weight to the nearest 0.1 kg using a standard balance scale with subjects barefoot. Height of the children from the floor to the highest point on the head was recorded when the subject was facing directly ahead, barefoot, feet together, arms by the sides. Heels, buttocks and upper bac k were made to be in contact with the wall when the measurement was made. The height was recorded and rounded off to the nearest 1 cm. BMI (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres) of the children were calculated. The waist circumference was measured at the level of umbilicus. The hip circumference was measured at the widest part of the buttocks. Waist hip ratios were calculated. Data was analyzed at the end of 3 months. RESULTS: Based on the statistical analysis done at the end of the data collection, the following results were obtained. Out of the 300 students assessed in the study, 55% of them were boys and 45% were girls; 39.67% belonged to age 11, 14.67% belonged to age 12, 19.33% belonged to age 13 and 26.33% belonged to age 14. Based on socio-economic status, 1.67% belonged to class 1, 17% belonged to class 2, 38% belonged to class 3, 42.67% belonged to class 4 and 0.67% belonged to class 5. On assessing the 300 children for BMI, 67.33% were found to be underweight, of which 29.67% were from rural areas; 6% were found to be overweight or obese, of which 4.67% were from urban areas. The percentage of under-weight children was 65% in semi urban area and 48% in urban area in contrast to 89% in rural area. TABLE 1. Relation between BMI, Waist Hip Ratio and Area of residence Of the 100 children assessed in rural area, only one was found to be overweight and no one was obese. Among the 100 children assessed in the semi urban area, 3 were overweight. Whereas in urban area, 7 children of the 100 were overweight and another 7 were found to be obese. Thus, in urban area, almost 14% of the children were either obese or overweight. This percentage is significantly higher than the 1% and 3% found in rural and semi urban areas. The percentage of the children who were categorized as normal according to their BMI was only 10% in rural but 32% and 38% in semi-urban and urban areas respectively (Figure 1). Figure 1. According to the data obtained, waist hip ratio of the children was also calculated. It is found that 20% of children in rural area and 32% of children in urban area fall under high-risk category of waist hip ratio. Waist Hip ratio more than 1 in boys and 0.85 in girls indicates an increased risk of metabolic complications. Though the frequency of high risk W:H ratio is higher among children from urban areas than that of rural areas, the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence of underweight was 69.09% among boys and 65.19% among girls. This difference is not statistically significant indicating that there is no evidence of gender inequality in this study (Table 2). TABLE 2. Relation of gender and socio-economic status over BMI Socio-economic status of each child was assessed based on modified Kuppusamy’s scale. The prevalence of underweight children was 84.62% among socio-economic status class 45 and only 54.12% among socio-economic status class 1,2 3. It is evident that there is a significant statistical difference in the prevalence of underweight children in Class 45 as compared to Class 1, 2 3 ( Table 2). Figure 3. The children were also asked about their choice of games and sports. And it was found that nearly 45% of the boys and girls in rural area were involved in games requiring severe physical activity. The mean playtime of children from rural area was 1.6 hours/day. In semi-urban area, only 25% of the boys and girls were involved in games requiring severe physical activity whereas the percentage was only around 15% in urban area. The mean playtime of children from semi-urban and urban areas were 1.6 hours/day and 1.1 hours/day respectively. The three day diet history obtained from the children was analyzed and the average amount of calorie intake per day was calculated for all. The mean calorie consumption of the children, irrespective of their area of residence, was 1333 kcal. The mean calorie intake of children in rural area was found to be 991.7 kcal. The calorie consumption was found to be lesser when compared to the mean calorie intake in semi urban and rural areas, which were 1461.7 kcal and 1545.7 kcal respectively (Figure 4). It was also found that the irregularity in taking meals was the greatest among the children in urban area. Figure 4. DISCUSSION: A healthy child becomes a healthy adult. Of the various factors which determine the health of the child, nutrition plays the most vital role. Low body weight is unhealthy and harmful in the way it has dire consequences on both physical and psychological well-being of a child. Decreased level of thinking, impaired concentration, irritable mood and heightened obsessiveness, while contributing to the psychological effects of malnutrition, undermines the academic performance of a child and leads to the development of a socially withdrawn child. On the other hand, malnutrition has a profound impact on immune system by weakening the defenses and aggravating the effects of infections. Infections contribute to malnutrition by a variety of mechanisms including anorexia and impaired absorption of nutrients. This shows that enteric infection begets malnutrition and malnutrition begets more infections. According to World Bank statistics, Child malnutrition is responsible for 22 percent of India’s burden of disease and contributes to an estimated adult productivity loss of 1.4% of gross domestic product (GDP). It has been estimated to play a role in about half of all child deaths and more than half of child deaths from major diseases, such as malaria, diarrhea, measles and pneumonia. Recent trends in India suggest that there has been a dramatic fall of severe underweight prevalence in urban areas (by 26%) compared to rural areas though the decline in underweight prevalence was considered inadequate according to UNICEF. Our cross-sectional study shows that boys are more likely to be stunted and underweight than girls though there was no significant gender inequality because of limited sample size. Our study determined the point prevalence of underweight children in relation to various factors like gender, age, area of residence and socio economic status while data from various studies indicated that decline in the prevalence of under-nutrition was lesser in girls compared to boys and lesser in scheduled caste scheduled tribe as compared to other castes. Children with normal BMI constitute only 10% in rural areas while 38% of them had normal BMI in urban area. The collected data signify that under-nutrition is the burning problem in rural areas whereas urban areas suffer from the double jeopardy of malnutrition. It showed that mean height and weight of boys and girls was lower than the CDC 2000 standards in all age groups. The prevalence of underweight and stunting was highest among the age group of 11 to 13 years whereas wasting was more prevalent in the age group of 5 to 7 years. In this study, under-nutrition was found to be significantly more prevalent in girls than in boys. Data from our study says that probability of a child being undernourished is higher in rural area than in urban area. A study found that the prevalence of stunting was observed to be 52.3% and severe stunting was 25.1%. The determinants of this study included father’s occupation and income rather than the educational and occupational status of mother in the patriarchal society. In a multivariate study done in Brazil, stunting was found to be significantly associated with low economic income, inadequate protein intake and polyparasitism, especially Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichura. Evidences suggest that cell mediated immunity is depressed in malnutrition thereby increasing the duration and severity of infections with increasing degrees of malnutrition. The most common infection related deaths due to malnutrition were diarrhea and acute respiratory infections. Infant feeding practices and mother’s education status form the major determinants of Protein Energy Malnutrition. Better feeding practices were found to reduce the prevalence of stunting by 30%. Exclusive breastfeeding and partial breastfeeding were found to be more protective when compared to no breastfeeding. The median relative risk of death from diarrhea fell from 25 in no breastfeeding to 8.6 in exclusive or partial breastfeeding highlighting the paramount importance of breastfe eding in the prevention of malnutrition. Hence, it is necessary to cut down the causal factors of malnutrition before the child attains the age of 3 years. Better feeding practices, health awareness, sanitation, sustained availability of nutritious foods for all sections of people and enhanced access to healthcare services are essential steps to attain the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. Failure to invest in combating nutrition can have adverse impacts on potential economic growth. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme, launched on 2nd October 1975, is India’s unique programme to improve the nutritional status of children by providing supplementary nutrition, pre-school education, immunization and health education for pregnant and nursing mothers. Though ICDS is successful in many ways, decline in undernutrition in India is slower when compared with other developing countries because ICDS Scheme’s mainly focusses on food supplementation rather than health education and children aged 3-6 yea rs rather than younger children (0-3 years). Our study reiterates the trends of malnutrition in relation to various factors and also highlights the need for differential approach in urban and rural areas to combat malnutrition. CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study was undertaken to study the nutritional status of children aged 11-14 years and its relation to various factors like gender, area of residence and socio-economic status. This study also attempted to collect data on the amount of calories consumed per day, frequency and regularity of taking meals and level of physical activity in rural, semi-urban and urban areas. According to our study, 67.33% were underweight and 6% were overweight or obese. The prevalence of under-weight was found to be significantly higher in rural area(89%) than in urban area(48%) while urban area takes the upper hand in the prevalence of over-weight children. Our study also estimated that a child from rural area consumes an average of 991.7 kcal while calorie consumption of a child from urban area is much higher, averaging to 1545.7 kcal. Children belonging to socio-economic status Class 45, according to modified Kuppusamy’s scale, were more deprived of nutrients than the children of upper and middle class. Nutritional status was also found to be slightly poorer in boys than that of girls. The data collected also indicated that the mean calorie consumption of children in rural area was 991.7 kcal when compared to 1461.7 kcal in semi-urban and 1565.7 in urban area. However, the mean playtime of children in urban area was 1.1 hours/day with most of the children opting to play video games in their playtime whereas the mean playtime of a child was 1.6 hours/day in rural area. This data highlights a relative increase in calorie consumption in urban area with increase in sedentary lifestyle thereby setting a stage for the development of childhood obesity. Hence, we conclude our study re-emphasizing the various determinants of malnutrition and highlighting the changing trend in the nutritional status of children in urban, semi-urban and rural area.

Is early United States history a story of progress Essay

Progress in westward expansion (for white Americans) not good for native Americans. The early United States history is a story of progress and conflict in terms of political, territorial, and social advancement. Political: Alien and Sedition Acts- During the Adams administration, congress passed the Alien and Sedation acts to suppress public criticism of the government and limit the freedom of foreigners in the US. Outcry against these acts helped the republican cause. then the rise of democratic politics – between 1820 and 1840, a revolution took place in American Politics. When property and taxpaying qualifications for voting were repealed, voter participation grew drastically. In turn, the expanded electorate made possible the creation of new national political parties. 2nd party system – increased political participation, economic concerns stemming from the panic of 1819m anxiety over slavery’s expansion, and the ‘corrupt bargain† all contributed to the creation of the second party system. As a result, the modern political system we know today was born. Election of 1828 – Jackson Democrats were the first to appeal directly for voter support through a professional party organization And, in the end, Jackson’s victory in 1828 was interpreted as a victory for the common man over the rich and well born. with democrats and whigs- Democrats were the Jackson party. They were against interference from the national government and had a powerful base in rural south and west among urban workers in the north. Whigs formed in opposition to Jackson and favored a strong national government and social reform. They had a powerful base in the industrialized North as well as among some southern planters. which fell apart over issue of slavery expansion- Wilmot’s Provision – Proposing that slavery should be banned from all of the territories acquired from Mexico, this provision ignited an intense debate about the place of slavery in the future of the nation and helped trigger the end of the Second Party System. Territorial: Louisiana purchase- Doubled the size of the US, which terrified many federalists who feared that the creation of new western states would further eaken the political influence of the northeast. Tecumsen and Tenskwatawa – Calling for a return to traditional Native American practices, these brothers created a powerful pan-indian military movement and eventually allied with the British in order to stop Anglo-American expansion War of 1812 – The war of 1812 effectively destroyed the ability of the Native Americans to resist American Expansion east of the Mississippi and it convinced Americans that they could now fend off European threats. Missouri compromise – The Mississippi compromise, which represents the nation’s first extended debate over slavery’s expansion, preserved sectional balance and prohibited the formation of slave states north of the Mississippi compromise line. Indian removal act – Passed in 1830, this act forced Native Americans to leave their tribal lands and settle on federal lands to the west of the Mississippi River. manifest destiny. – â€Å"Manifest Destiny†, the commonly-held belief that God had chosen Anglo-Americans to expand westward, was in reality a racial, economic, and political justification for aggressive territorial expansion. But with the US War with Mexico came great debate over whether slavery should continue to exist expanding. – This war bitterly divided American public opinion, greatly expanded the nations borders, initiated a legacy of conquest throughout the southwest, and set the stage for civil war. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – According to this treaty, Mexico surrendered its northern provinces of California and New Mexico to the US and accepted the Rio Grande as the boundary of Texas in return for $15 million. Social:  Slavery was a large part of American society as a result of king cotton. – Demand for cotton was a result of the industrialized revolution. And, by the civil war, cotton accounted for almost 60% of American exports. Pro-slavery Arguments – In their defense of slavery, Southerners argued that the institution was essential for the nations economy, that it was sanctioned by the bible, that blacks were racially inferior and better off enslaved, and that slaves received excellent care and protection compared to factory workers in the north. Slave Resistance – Wielding power within a system designed to render them powerless, slaves resisted the institution of slavery in a variety of ways. Nat Turner’s Rebellion – Nat Turner’s slave rebellion resulted in the deaths of 55 white people and instilled intense fear among slave owners for years to come. Abolition Movement – Abolitionists argued that slavery was immoral, illegal, NS violation of the principles of natural rights of life and liberty embodied in the Declaration of Independence. Wilmot’s Provision – Proposing that slavery should be banned from all of the territories acquired from Mexico, this provision ignited an intense debate about the place of slavery in the future of the nation and helped trigger the end of the Second Party System. Compromise of 1850 – Which adopted the doctrine of popular sovereignty in the west and enacted a controversial fugitive slave law, only temporarily settled the question of slavery in the territories. Kansas-Nebraska Act – As a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, antislavery Northerners and proslavery Southerners clashed in Kansas and popular sovereignty quickly degenerated into warfare. Election of 1860 – The election of 1860 was perhaps the most divisive in American history, And, as a result of Lincoln’s election, southern states began withdrawing from the union. Only through the Civil War that slavery eventually abolished –Though the Civil War started as an effort to maintain the union, it evolved into a war for the liberation of slaves. Indeed, slavery, as a political, economic and moral issue, was the root cause of the war. Emancipation Proclamation – Free only those slaves living in states not under the union control. Nevertheless, the proclamation allowed black soldiers to fight for the union and transformed union forced into an arm of liberation. with the 13th Amendment – Realizing that the Emancipation Proclamation could be reverses by future legislation, Lincoln won congressional approval of the 13th Amendment, which finally abolished slaver in the United States.

The Big Lesson from the Poem, The Rime of the Ancient...

A lot of stories have a central theme or message that is shaped by the words surrounding it. The lesson could be depressing, funny, or serious. It never really matters, but a moral is a lesson to be learned from a story or event. The moral may be left to the hearer, reader or viewer to determine for themselves, or may be explicitly encapsulated in a maxim. The mariner is cursed with a lifelong penance after he killed the Albatross. He has to feel a pain in his chest that becomes unbearable until he sees a certain soul that is the right one to tell to. No matter what. In the long poem, â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† by Samuel Taylor Coleridge has three lessons about human life and they are supernatural, pride, and suffering. In â€Å"Rime†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Immediately, a fog and mist surrounds the boat. The curse had begun. He obviously didnt intend to bring about drought and death to the crew, but he thought they could do without this bird whose arr ival happened to coincide with a lot of good luck. His pride got the better of him. The final message that Coleridge conveys in â€Å"Rime† is suffering and how is can change for the good. After his crew dies and his boat is pretty much stranded in one spot in the ocean, the mariner starts to question why he wasn’t allowed to die. He is thirsty and he has to spend his days being haunted at night and forced to stay awake. The mariner sees animals at sea and blesses the creatures in the sea and somehow the curse is lifted. The suffering is over! This theme helps us realize that all of nature’s creations are worthy of our love and respect. Killing the Albatross showed disrespect in the eyes of the spirits and now he has to pay the penance. The entire poem, but especially the middle section concerning the drought, contains enough suffering to last several lifetimes. My vote for the most cringe-worthy moment is when the Mariner has to bite his arm to wet his lips wit h his own blood so that he can yell, â€Å"I bit my arm, I sucked the blood, and cried, a sail, a sail† (part three, line 160). Overall, the supernatural, pride, and suffering are the life lessons about human life in â€Å"The Rime of the AncientShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"The Central Message Of A Story Is The Big Idea Or Lesson891 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The central message of a story is the big idea or lesson the story teaches. Important events in a story help you figure out the central message†(Waldron). Many people are under the impression that a story s theme is synonymous with it’s message. This is not always true, and as explained by K.M. Weiland, â€Å"Theme is a general principle. Message is a specific example of that theme in action.† Messages are not always easily found within texts. Oftentimes, a reader must read very closely to discoverRead MoreThe Rime Of The Ancient Mariner1891 Words   |  8 Pagesvarying primarily based on ideology. â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† by means of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and â€Å"Goblin Market† by means of Christina Rossetti, are perfect examples of ways human beings have always and could always be inclined to temptations due to the fact they re more potent than our will. In â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† through Samuel Taylor Coleridge temptation is embodied inside the form of a chicken. The essential individual of the poem kills temptation, the chicken, without

Fast Food Nation - 1487 Words

The Changing of the Food Industry â€Å"In many respects, the fast food industry embodies the best and worst of American capitalism at the start of the twenty-first century – its constant stream of new products and innovations, its widening gulf between gulf between rich and poor† (Schlosser 6). In 2001 Eric Schlosser published â€Å"Fast Food Nation.† Eric Schlosser’s early 21st century muckraking text, â€Å"Fast Food Nation,† attempts to shed light on the consequences of the fast food industry on American society. The rise and growth of the fast food industry, like the meatpacking industry, illuminates the evolution of the American dream in post-World War II America. â€Å"Fast Food Nation† is a book about fast food, the values it embodies, and the world†¦show more content†¦After WWII many women entered the workforce which only fueled the fast food industry. â€Å"A generation ago, three-quarters of the money used to buy food in the United States was spent to prepare meals at home. Today about half of the money used to buy food is spent at restaurants – mainly fast food restaurants† (Schlosser 4). Typical jobs of a housewife, such as cooking and cleaning, are now being done by other industries (Schlosser 4). The men and women of the household no longer have the time or energy after work to prepare a meal, so they turn to the fast food industries to do the job for them. Society today is starting to believe that the American dream can simply be advertised and purchased. Another social outcome from the fast food industry is that Ronald McDonald, McDonald’s fictional character, is now the second most recognized fictional character behind Santa Claus and some don’t even recognize Jesus Christ (Schlosser 4). The Golden Arches of McDonald’s are now more widely known than the Christian Cross (Schlosser 5). It is these things that are scaring a lot of Americans. Kids recognize and know more fast food companies than they do about school, religion, and other things they may need to know in the future. The fast food industry has played a role in America’s economy. Fast food restaurants are the leaders in so many different things. They lead in marketing and jobs employed. â€Å"The tremendous success of the fast food industry has encouraged otherShow MoreRelatedFast Food Nation1271 Words   |  6 PagesIntro  to  Political  Science 5/12/2013 Fast  Food  Nation The  investigative  journalist,  Eric  Schlosser,  has  written  a  book  to  illuminate  an  epidemic  that started  in  America  and  is  now  becoming  one  of  the  world’s  largest  problems.  In  Fast  Food  Nation, Schlosser  frames  today’s  Fast  Food  giants  in  history,American  entrepreneurialism,  and  over consumption  in  respect  to  consumer  and  employee  wellbeing.  The  power  of  all  modern  Fast  Food giants  combined  have  eclipsed  the  power  of  any  one  government.  Marketing  has  become  a  keyRead MoreFast Food Nation1133 Words   |  5 PagesFast Food Nation Fast Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser, is a stark and unrelenting look into the fast food industry that has ingrained itself in not only American culture, but in culture around the world. There is almost no place on earth that the golden arches has not entered. Aside from Antarctica, there is a McDonalds on every continent, and the number of countries that have fast food restaurants is growing on a daily basis. Schlosser describes in detail what happens behind the scenes, beforeRead MoreFast Food Nation2536 Words   |  11 PagesDialectical Journal – Fast Food Nation 1. â€Å"Hundreds of millions of people buy fast food every day without giving it much thought, unaware of the subtle and not so subtle ramifications of their purchases. They rarely consider where this food came from, how it was made, what it is doing to the community around them. They just grab their tray off the counter, find a table, take a seat, unwrap the paper, and dig in† (Schlosser 10). 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By using these rhetorical ideas, his writing is very persuasive at points but also left unsuccessful at other times. The use of ethos in Fast Food Nation is seen many times to help Schlosser appeal as credible and trustworthy while ensuring thatRead MoreFast Food Nation: The Inconvenient Truth of Fast Food Essay572 Words   |  3 Pages ‘Fast Food Nation’ by Eric Schlosser traces the history of fast food industry from old hot dog stands to the billion dollar franchise companies established as America spread its influence of quick, easy and greasy cuisine around the globe. It is a brilliant piece of investigative journalism that looks deep into the industries that have profited from the American agriculture business, while engaging in labor practices that are often shameful. In Fast Food Nation, Schlosser goes beyond the factsRead MoreEric Schlossers Fast Food Nation And The Jungle1698 Words   |  7 PagesFast food restaurants exude bright colors, distribute meals with toys, and create a sense of happiness, but what truly goes on behind the scenes of this magical industry? In Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Nation and Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, the authors use similar rhetorical strategies to reveal the motives and unconventional practices of the food industry. Schlosser conveys his purpose through the utilization of pathos, ethos, anecdotes and imagery as compared to Sinclair who uses historical referencesRead MoreFast Food Nation Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy called â€Å"Fast Food Nation 2008. The panel consisted of 1,000 respondents of ages 16-65 who provided their inputs with an online survey which was conducted between March 13 through 2008. Which was based on results on fast food restaurants like McDonald’s, Burger King , and Wendy’s are gaining popularity even through the economic hardship and recession. Marketing strategy has become more of influence on kids and young American’s. As population grows and the demand increases of fast food restaurantsRead MoreFast Food Nation By Eric Schlosser1678 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Congress should ban advertising that preys upon children, it should stop subsidizing dead-end jobs, it should pass tougher food safety laws, it should protect American workers from serious harm, it should fight against dangerous concentrations of economic power (Schlosser). People must wonder how is it that a fast food company has so much customers. Advertising is the answer. The power advertisers have to be able to influence so many people s decisions and affect people’s lives especially the livesRead MoreFast Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser Essay1928 Words   |  8 Pagesthe most shocking books of the generation is Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Natio n. The novel includes two sections, The American Way and Meat and Potatoes,† that aid him in describing the history and people who have helped shape up the basics of the â€Å"McWorld.† Fast Food Nation jumps into action at the beginning of the novel with a discussion of Carl N. Karcher and the McDonald’s brothers. He explores their roles as â€Å"Gods† of the fast-food industry. Schlosser then visits Colorado Springs and investigates